Prazosin (Minipress)

Class

Alpha-1 adrenergic antagonist

Mechanism

Blocks postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow and lowering blood pressure; modulates central noradrenergic activity, which may reduce nightmares and hyperarousal symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

FDA-Approved Use

Hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia

Off-Label Use

PTSD-related nightmares and anxiety

Formulation

Oral tablets

Titration

Start at 1 mg p.o. nightly, titrate slowly based on clinical response and tolerability, typical dose range 1–20 mg/day

Dose Range

1–20 mg/day depending on indication

Kinetics

Half-life ~2–3 hours, metabolized hepatically, excreted renally

Common AEs

Dizziness, headache, drowsiness, palpitations, first-dose hypotension

Serious/Rare AEs

Orthostatic hypotension, syncope (especially with initial dose)

Monitoring

Regular blood pressure monitoring, watch for orthostatic hypotension especially at initiation

Black Box Warning

None

Considerations

Use caution in elderly patients due to increased risk of hypotension and falls. In traumatic brain injury (TBI), prazosin may be beneficial for managing trauma-related nightmares and sleep disturbances, particularly when comorbid with PTSD.