Anticonvulsant, GABA analog
Modulates voltage-gated calcium channels, reducing excitatory neurotransmitter release
Partial seizures, postherpetic neuralgia
Neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, alcohol withdrawal and dependence, restless legs syndrome (RLS), postoperative pain adjunct, Lewy body dementia (LBD), agitation and aggression in dementia
Oral capsules, tablets, extended-release tablets, oral solution
300 mg p.o. nightly, titrated gradually as clinically indicated
900–3600 mg/day in divided doses
Not metabolized; renal excretion; half-life 5–7 hours; dose adjustments required in renal impairment
Dizziness, drowsiness, peripheral edema, fatigue
Respiratory depression (especially with CNS depressants), rare hypersensitivity reactions
Monitor for signs of misuse or abuse; assess respiratory function in at-risk populations
None
Use cautiously in elderly patients and those with respiratory compromise due to increased risk of sedation and respiratory depression. Limited evidence supports use in neuropathic pain related to multiple sclerosis (MS). Potential benefits in managing behavioral symptoms such as agitation and aggression in dementia require individualized assessment.