Donepezil (Aricept)

Class

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor

Mechanism

Reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase, increasing acetylcholine levels and enhancing cholinergic neurotransmission in the brain

FDA-Approved Use

Mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

Off-Label Use

Vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), post-stroke apathy

Formulation

Oral tablets, orally disintegrating tablets

Titration

Start at 5 mg p.o. nightly; increase to 10 mg nightly after 4–6 weeks as tolerated

Dose Range

5–10 mg/day

Kinetics

Half-life approximately 70 hours; metabolized via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4

Common AEs

Nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, muscle cramps, fatigue

Serious/Rare AEs

Gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiac conduction abnormalities (e.g., bradycardia, heart block)

Monitoring

Monitor for gastrointestinal symptoms and cardiac conduction issues in at-risk patients

Black Box Warning

None

Considerations

May benefit cognitive symptoms in vascular dementia, post-stroke cognitive impairment, and other neurodegenerative conditions. Use cautiously in patients with history of gastrointestinal bleeding or cardiac conduction abnormalities.